PLANTS THAT CONTAIN CONTROLLED DRUGS
There are plants and their derivatives that contain controlled drugs and are thus illegal under Singapore’s Misuse of Drugs Act. They include:
1. Common Name(s): Cannabis, Marijuana, Hemp, Gallow Grass1
Scientific Name: Any plant of the genus Cannabis
Containing substance(s) controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act : Cannabinol (or ‘CBN’), Cannabinol derivatives including Tetrahydrocannabinol (‘THC’), Cannabis and cannabis resin
2. Common Name(s): Opium Poppy2
Scientific Name: Any plant of the species Papaver somniferum
Containing substance(s) controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act : Opium, Morphine, Heroin, Thebaine and Codeine
3. Common Name(s): Coca Plant3
Scientific Name: Any plant of the genus Erythroxylum (or Erythroxylon) from which cocaine can be extracted
Containing substance(s) controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act : Coca leaf, Cocaine, Ecgonine and any derivative of Ecgonine
4. Common Name(s): Peyote Cactus4
Scientific Name: Lophophora williamsii5
Containing substance(s) controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act : Mescaline
5. Common Name(s): Caapi, Ayahuasca, Jagube, Yagé6
Scientific Name: Banisteriopsis caapi
Containing substance(s) controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act : N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (or ‘DMT’)
6. Common Name(s): Cabrera, Calumbi, Carbonal, Cuji Cabrera, Jurema, Jurema Preta, Tepescohuite7
Scientific Name: Mimosa tenuiflora (synonym: Mimosa hostilis)
Containing substance(s) controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act : N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (or ‘DMT’)
7. Common Name(s): Chacruna, Chacrona, Jagé8
Scientific Name: Psychotria viridis
Containing substance(s) controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act : N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (or ‘DMT’)
8. Common Name(s): Sage of the Diviners, Ska Maria Pastora, Seer’s Sage, Yerba de la Pastora9
Scientific Name: Salvia divinorum
Containing substance(s) controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act : Salvinorin A
9. Common Name(s): Khat, Qat, Kat, Quatt, Qaad, Qhat, Ghat, Chat10
Scientific Name: Catha edulis
Containing substance(s) controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act : Cathinone
10. Common Name(s): Kratom, Biak, Ketum, Kakuam, Ithang, Thom11
Scientific Name: Mitragyna speciosa
Containing substance(s) controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act : Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine
11. Common Name(s): Psilocybin Mushrooms, Magic Mushrooms, Shrooms, Mushies12
Scientific Name: Any fungus species of the genera – (1) Conocybe (2) Panaeolus (3) Psilocybe
Containing substance(s) controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act : Psilocybin
1 Image by Rex Medlen, https://pixabay.com/photos/foliage-cannabis-marijuana-lush-1157792/
2 Image by TheOtherKev from https://pixabay.com/photos/opium-poppy-purple-poppy-poppy-5335601/
3 Image by Danna Guevara - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/15059501 Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0), CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=83658494
4 Image from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Terminology and Information on Drugs, 3rd edition, 2016
5 Lophophora williamsii, including its varieties and cultivars. Also, many different species of Lophophora and species from other genera are now considered by botanists to be the same as/synonyms of Lophophora williamsii. The list below includes some synonyms of Lophophora williamsii:
a. Anhalonium lewinii
b. Anhalonium williamsii
c. Ariocarpus williamsii
d. Echinocactus lewinii
e. Echinocactus williamsii
f. Echinocactus williamsii var. lutea
g. Lophophora cristata
h. Lophophora echinata
i. Lophophora echinata var. lutea
j. Lophophora lewinii
k. Lophophora lutea
l. Lophophora williamsii var. echinata
m. Lophophora williamsii var. lewinii
n. Lophophora williamsii var. lutea
o. Mammillaria williamsii.
6 Image by Apollo - https://www.flickr.com/photos/brindle95/28630979921/ , CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=89237567
7 Image by João Medeiros - Mimosa tenuiflora, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=48630260
8 Image by M.Aurelius - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=81851375
9 Image by Olekkerra at English Wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons., PublicDomain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3249150
10 Image by Malcolm Manners – Chat or Khat, CC BY 2.0, https://www.flickr.com/photos/10239508@N07/5227791815
11 Image by ThorPorre - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=25187129
12 Image from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Terminology and Information on Drugs, 3rd edition, 2016
